Annotated Bibliography

Thomas T. Moore

Annotated Bibliography

My project is going will be exploring the human cost of war from a psychological standpoint of those who have experienced combat. I will explore the ways that modern militaries train combat soldiers to be effective at killing the enemy and what the cost is psychologically for those who have chosen a career in a combat arms position. My objective is to further understand the lasting effects of killing in combat and the societal implication for those who have been indirectly affected by warfare. I wanted to do this because when I get sent to a combat zone eventually as an Army officer, I want to know how to mitigate harm to those that are not combatants and how to care for those who are subordinate and entrusted to my care.

Gelpi, Christopher, et al. Paying the Human Costs of War : American Public Opinion and Casualties in Military Conflicts. Princeton : Princeton University Press, c2009., 2009. EBSCOhost, ejwl.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat04970a&AN=txw.564825&site=eds-live.

1. Gelpi’s book looks at the societal cost of war from a civilian standpoint.
2. Christopher Gelpi is a professor of political science at Ohio State University. He is the director of the Mershon Center for International Security Studies and chair of Peace Studies and Conflict resolution. Although Gelpi has not served in the armed forces, his extensive research on the effects of conflict and public opinion regarding war and terrorism paint a clear picture of the challenges facing the effects of war on society and those who wage it.
3. The text is geared toward the general public to explain what Americans think about foreign policy and their attitudes towards the policy makers.
4. I chose this book to include since it will have a different viewpoint regarding warfare more from a social standpoint rather than a scholarly journal or another book written by someone who has served in the armed forces.
5. This text supports my research in that I believe that society’s opinions regarding warfare can shape the experience of those coming home from war.

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Althaus, Scott L., et al. “Uplifting Manhood to Wonderful Heights? News Coverage of the Human Costs of Military Conflict From World War I to Gulf War Two.” Political Communication, vol. 31, no. 2, Apr. 2014, pp. 193–217. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/10584609.2014.894159.

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Johnson, Sandy A. “The Cost of War on Public Health: An Exploratory Method for Understanding the Impact of Conflict on Public Health in Sri Lanka.” PLoS ONE, vol. 12, no. 1, Jan. 2017, pp. 1–28. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166674.

1. The text explores the cost of war on a civilian population from a public health standpoint. The text analyses the long-term and financial effects of war on a civilian population during Sri Lanka’ s civil war. The research compared data from civilians in a conflict zone vs. Those who weren’t in the conflict zone.
2. Sandy A. Johnson is a professor and director of global health affairs at the University of Denver. Johnson’s research concentrates on the development of public health, environmental effects and the effects of conflict on public health.
3. Since the text is a journal the audience is for other professionals in the field of public health. The journal was published Jan 2017 in PLOS which is a non-profit science, tech, and medical publisher that publishes work under an open content license. Since it was published in PLOS, this tells me the journal was published with the intent to share information with other professionals to help care for those who are at risk due to conflict. 
4. This text gives an example of the cost of war paid by civilians in a conflict zone.
5. I wanted to use this text because it shows firsthand the cost of war on civilians which can shape public opinon on warfare and to help illustrate what happens to those who are stuck in conflict zones. I also chose this journal because the conflict in Sri Lanka is one that is not really talked about much in western media.

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Clark, George E. “The Human and Social Costs of War.” Environment, no. 2, 2008, p. 3. EBSCOhost, ejwl.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsgsc&AN=edsgcl.223554274&site=eds-live.

1. The article explains the big picture of the cost of war regarding physical injuries to soldiers. It compares casualties from 9/11 to the casualties suffered by coalition forces in the global war on terror. It touches on sustainability regarding whether the cost of war is spread equally among those of socioeconomic status and the effect on women and children in conflict zones and human trafficking for the purpose of prostitution in military towns.
2. George E. Clark is a research librarian at Harvard University. He has his Ph. D. from Clark University. He previously worked for the EPA and his studies mainly concentrated on geography. His writing is centered around environmental issues and sustainability.
3. The text was published in a magazine that is geared towards professionals regarding environmental science and policy making. 
4. Clark’s article highlights the effect on the environment as well as the social impact regarding conflict. It goes in depth with the effects of injuries and also the effect on women and children.
5. The text helps explore deeper the impact on our society that conflict brings not only to those involved first hand, but also the social implications of human trafficking and the impact on those of differing socioeconomic status.

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Al-Obaidi AK, et al. “While Adults Battle, Children Suffer: Future Problems for Iraq.” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, vol. 100, no. 9, Sept. 2007, pp. 394–395. EBSCOhost, ejwl.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=105981328&site=eds-live.

1. The text examines the cost on children that conflict brings. It examines the initial cost on those who have suffered injury and also the future implications that could possibly shape foreign policy for future generations.
2. AK Al-Obaidi is an Iraqi psychiatrist specializing in care for refugee children. Jack Piachaud was a British psychologist who specialized in global mental health issues. He died in 2009. His main area of concentration was the mental health of refugees that were displaced because of the global war on terror.
3. The text explores the mental health cost bared by children in conflict zones and the after effects on their own lives and how the future of Iraq may look after the war. It outlines what needs to be done for security and mental health resources in the country.
4. This text looks at the cost of war from another mental health aspect from those that are the most vulnerable and the infrastructure they need for a secure future.
5. The text outlines the immediate need for mental healthcare for those that have suffered from growing up in a world where all they knew was war. This text outlines how the effects of the global war on terror will have far reaching consequences into the future long after Americans have left the combat zone.

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Grossman, Dave. On Killing : The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society. New York : Little, Brown and Co., 2009., 2009. EBSCOhost, ejwl.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat04970a&AN=txw.613444&site=eds-live.

1. LTC Dave Grossman’s book examines the how the US Military’s training had to overcome one’s human resistance to kill the enemy in combat, resulting in more efficient firing rates during the Vietnam war. It also explores how combat soldiers justify killing in battle and the social costs when coming back home from a conflict zone.
2. LTC Dave Grossman was a SGT before becoming a commissioned officer in the US Army. He is Ranger and Airborne qualified and was a platoon leader before becoming a general staff officer and professor of psychology at West Point. He retired from teaching in 1998.
3. This is a book meant for public consumption. It is on the United States Marine Corps recommended reading list and is required reading for FBI trainees. While it is meant for the public, it is geared towards those who work in professions that may require the use of deadly force.
4. This text deals with the effects of killing in combat and the cost bared by those who are sent to combat zones. Grossman goes further into detail by examining the ways the US military has adapted its training to allow combat soldiers to kill effectively and how to deal with the consequences psychologically. Grossman goes on to reinforce the military’s idea that combat soldiers must be psychologically prepared to take lives in combat or the mental consequences will have an adverse effect on the home front.
5. Grossman’s work shows the cost bared by those who have done the grim job of killing in combat. The text outlines the need for those in those combat jobs to be mentally prepared to perform the job and also how to they deal with the aftermath.